| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module serve as components that convert sunlight into using PV cells. They serve as an green and alternative energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to convert heat, generally used for water heating or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, indoor heating, or electricity generation. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural legacy, iconic landmarks, and lively urban areas like London. It boasts a diverse scenery of rolling hills, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that blend tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the organic radiance emitted by the star, crucial for existence on Earth as it offers fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of power resulting from the movement of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels numerous appliances and systems, facilitating contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional stream of electric charge, usually produced by batteries, power supplies, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to operate various digital equipment. It comprises multiple galvanic units, each containing electrode pairs interposed by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of solar cells. It is an green power option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and grid integration. It is essential for enhancing energy performance and providing reliable, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips polarity regularly, generally used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that controls the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a instrument used to ascertain the extent, amount, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, temperature sensors, and barometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are massive facilities that harness sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and renewable energy power, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic panels on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated solar energy setup changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This power is then sent wirelessly to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions save excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions commonly employ batteries to provide backup power, lower energy costs, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar cells chronicles the advancement and improvements in solar power tech from the early discovery of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It features key breakthroughs, including the creation of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have significantly boosted energy transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born scientist noted for his groundbreaking work in the study of the solar effect and glow. His research laid the basis for grasping how light interacts with particular substances to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an American creator who created the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor. His work formed the basis of modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous R&D organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its essential role in the production of electronic components and solar cells. It is a tough, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact component installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This method improves system performance, enables better system tracking, and increases power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar panel is a device that turns sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is frequently used in solar panels to provide a sustainable and renewable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon serves as a elementary particle that represents a unit of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It has a key role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds transform sunlight directly into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the core concept behind solar cell technology, facilitating the harnessing of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a slim slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, systematic crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a reduced expense. They use thin semiconductor layers a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as users, furniture, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in structural design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification refers to the speed at which electric power is conveyed by an electrical circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and green energy, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a standard of power in the metric system, indicating the measure of energy transfer or conversion. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electronic voltage difference between two points, which pushes the movement of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and shows the work per single charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of voltage, electric potential difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the flow of electric charge through a conductor wire, usually measured in amps. It is essential for energizing electronic gadgets and enabling the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp represents the measure of electric flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electric charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the layout and size of power systems to guarantee safe and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a easy and standardized method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for charging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) from inputs like cells or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It permits the operation of common electrical appliances in environments where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack functions as an collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically align the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, maximizing solar energy capture. This system increases the performance of solar power gathering by keeping ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the power generation of solar energy systems by regularly modifying the performance point to match the optimal power point of the solar cells. This process ensures the best performance power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a device that monitors and examines the efficiency of solar power systems in instantaneous, delivering valuable data on power output and system status. It aids optimize solar energy generation by spotting issues promptly and ensuring optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous small silicon crystals, frequently used in solar modules and microchip production. Its production involves melting and restructuring silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline form fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a high-purity type of silicon with a uniform crystal arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronics. Its uniform structure allows for enhanced electron transfer, resulting in higher performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a category of thin film solar method that provides a economical and efficient option for extensive solar energy harvesting. They are known as their great absorption performance and relatively low manufacturing costs compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate photovoltaic devices that utilize a composite compound of Cu, indium, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their high light capturing performance, bendability, and possibility for compact, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered molecular structure, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its affordability and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are advanced photovoltaic devices that use multiple p-n junctions stacked in unison to absorb a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. These are mostly applied in space satellites and high-performance solar power systems due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that transform sunlight into electricity to operate onboard systems. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic element, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ focusing elements or mirrors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is perfect for massive solar power plants in zones with sunny sunlight, delivering a cost-effective option for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and bendable form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a thin film of CIGS compound as the photovoltaic material, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological applications. These coatings are crucial in electronics, optics, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and affordable energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of substance covering a few nanometers to a few microns in dimension, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in multiple sectors, including electronics industry, optical technologies, and healthcare, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Micrometers are precision devices used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or widths, generally in mechanical engineering and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a thin, circular section of silicon crystal used as the platform for constructing semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the manufacture of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are compact solar modules famous for their superior output and adaptability, ideal for diverse applications. They employ a layered semiconductor structure that turns sunlight immediately into power with remarkable efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into electricity using PV cells, offering a renewable energy source for residential, commercial, and large-scale applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and generate electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that utilize carbon-based compounds, to transform sun's energy into electrical power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and offer the potential for more affordable, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous electronic substance used in thin-film solar panels due to its plentiful and safe elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an appealing alternative for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, building exteriors, and fenestration. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to scatter through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves applying a transparent film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures windows to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of PV power stations details various massive solar energy facilities around the globe, showcasing their power and sites. These plants function a important role in renewable energy generation and worldwide efforts to reduce carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are extensive facilities that transform sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, global warming, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a renewable solution to traditional fuels, decreasing ecological footprint and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, crude oil, and fossil gas, are limited reserves formed over extensive periods and are depleted when used. They are the main power sources for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, harmful elements such as plumbum, mercury, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how efficiently a solar panel generates sunlight into usable energy. Improving this efficiency is essential for maximizing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided key evidence for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves exposing products to higher-than-normal stresses to speedily determine their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This growth is revolutionizing the world energy sector by boosting the portion of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities built to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a transparent component that bending light to bring together or diverge rays, creating images. It is commonly used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to control light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to minimize reflections and improve light transmission. It improves the crispness and illumination of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels cancel each other out, causing a reduction or complete elimination of the resultant waveform. This occurrence usually happens when the waves are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that alternates direction, typically used in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, permitting cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A small inverter is a miniature device used to change direct current (DC) from a individual solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It improves system efficiency by enhancing energy production at the module level and simplifies installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric current periodically reverse polarity, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is generally used in homes and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical connector used to provide DC power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that guarantee a reliable and dependable connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global protection approval agency that assesses and approves products to ensure they adhere to particular protection requirements. It helps consumers and firms identify reliable and protected products through strict evaluation and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the same current passes through all parts, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, giving multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate separately, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode serves as a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in a single direction only, acting as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12 volt, created to deliver electrical power for multiple devices and add-ons inside of a automobile. It allows users to recharge electronic gadgets or run small devices during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripherals to computers, allowing data transmission and electric power. It supports a broad spectrum of hardware such as input devices, pointer devices, external storage, and mobile phones, with multiple versions offering increased speeds and enhanced functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from radio waves to gamma radiation, each with diverse lengths and energies. This band is fundamental to numerous technological applications and the natural world, enabling signal transmission, medical imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the sun. It serves a key role in processes like vitamin D production but can also lead to skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts/m². It is a important parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to measure the intensity of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the dispersion and conveyance of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An air mass is a big body of air with relatively uniform thermal and dampness properties, originating from particular origin areas. These airmass influence climate trends and atmospheric conditions as they move across various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the power per square kilometer received from the Sun in the form of light. It fluctuates with solar phenomena and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting global climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of dust, and impurities on the exterior of solar arrays, which reduces their efficiency. Routine maintenance and care are essential to reduce energy loss and guarantee optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the highest electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the peak power output of a solar panel under ideal sunlight conditions. It shows the panel's peak capacity to produce electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to measure the potential difference between two points in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in various electrical and electronic applications to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a semi-metal element crucial for plant development and employed in multiple industrial applications, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has special chemical properties that render it valuable in producing robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using extensive groups of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It provides an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of employing land for both solar power production and agriculture, maximizing space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels able to absorb sunlight on both sides, improving overall energy output. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides shelter while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar array is a collection of several photovoltaic modules configured to create electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to produce clean, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a structure that delivers shade and shelter from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It improves the functionality and visual charm of a courtyard, making it a cozy space for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line linking an observer to a target object. It is commonly used in routing, land measurement, and astronomy to specify the bearing of an object relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates excellent optical characteristics, making it a preferred option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies play a crucial role in driving solar energy integration and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of energy output equal to a billion watts, used to quantify large-scale electricity production and utilization. It is typically associated with power plants, national grids, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a worldwide leader in solar PV power solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film-based solar panels that deliver high efficiency and low-cost power output. The company is committed to eco-friendly energy development and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly connecting various components of manufacturing and automated systems to enhance productivity and dependability. It aims on developing advanced solutions that enable smooth communication and compatibility among different technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent Chinese corporation focused on manufacturing and innovating solar-powered solar items and systems. It is known for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion W, often utilized to represent the ability of large-scale electricity generation or consumption. It underscores the immense power extent involved in modern power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost reduces as total output grows, due to learning curve and efficiencies gained over time. This effect highlights the value of accumulated experience in reducing costs and boosting output in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics turn sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that helps cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy is equivalent to or lower than the price of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are financially competitive with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a network of power lines, offering a consistent source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is essential for ensuring the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the solar radiation using solar cells to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It is a sustainable, renewable, and environmentally friendly power supply that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, commercial, and factory settings to produce green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered products features a selection of tools that utilize sunlight to convert energy, supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These products include ranging from solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor gear, delivering versatile options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a facility that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ optical lenses plus reflectors focusing solar radiation on highly efficient photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting energy capture using a compact footprint. This method is highly suitable where intense, direct sunlight and offers a viable solution to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
