Solar panel | Solar array serve as devices that transform sunlight into using PV cells. These are an green and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, space warming, or electricity production. It is a green and eco-friendly technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic nation in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural traditions, notable attractions, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a varied terrain of gentle slopes, historic forts, and lively city hubs that mix heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental radiance emitted by the star, essential for living organisms on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of power due to the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It drives innumerable devices and infrastructures, enabling modern life and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction movement of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, power supplies, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that holds chemical energy and changes it into electrical energy to power various electronic gadgets. It comprises one or more electrochemical units, each comprising anode and cathode interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that transforms DC produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for household use and utility connection. It is essential for enhancing energy performance and providing safe, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity cyclically, generally used in home and business power supplies. It enables optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to ascertain the dimension, volume, or degree of something accurately. It includes tools like meters, thermometers, and manometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are massive installations that capture sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and renewable energy power, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reducing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves installing photovoltaic cells on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar power system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess power generated from renewable energy or the power grid for future use, improving energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These solutions generally use batteries to offer backup power, lower energy costs, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of photovoltaic cells chronicles the advancement and improvements in photovoltaic technology from the beginning invention of the solar effect to contemporary high-efficiency solar arrays. It features key milestones, including the invention of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent developments that have greatly enhanced energy transformation and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescent phenomena. His tests laid the groundwork for grasping how light interacts with specific substances to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States creator who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor. His work paved the way for modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned research and development organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and number 14, famous for its key role in the fabrication of electronics and solar modules. It is a hard, brittle crystalline substance with a blue-grey sheen, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small device installed on each photovoltaic panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method enhances system effectiveness, enables improved performance monitoring, and increases energy yield in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is often used in solar panels to provide a renewable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon serves as a fundamental particle that represents a packet of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It plays a important role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which particular compounds turn sunlight directly into electricity through the generation of charge carriers. This phenomenon is the core foundation behind photovoltaic technology, allowing the capturing of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic devices due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its structured, orderly crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, furniture, and external influences. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the same voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the rate at which electric power flows by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and is essential for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a unit of energy conversion in the metric system, indicating the rate of energy transfer or transformation. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical pressure difference between two points, which pushes the movement of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in V and indicates the energy per individual charge ready to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of electric potential, potential difference, and EMF in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per unit charge between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electrical charge through a metal wire, typically measured in amperes. It is essential for supplying electronic devices and allowing the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere represents the measure of electrical current in the SI units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electric charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and size of power systems to ensure secure and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a reliable and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a easy and standardized method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is frequently used for powering and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a unit that changes DC from supplies like accumulators or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It allows the use of common electrical appliances in environments where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack is a collection of multiple individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically adjust the position of photovoltaic panels to follow the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, enhancing solar energy capture. This innovation improves the efficiency of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring optimal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power generation of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to match the peak power point of the solar cells. This process guarantees the highest efficiency energy harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a tool that monitors and evaluates the performance of solar panel systems in live, offering valuable data on energy production and system status. It helps maximize solar power output by identifying problems ahead of time and guaranteeing optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to power homes, devices, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous small silicon lattice structures, typically used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves fusing and reforming silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline structure fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a premium form of silicon with a uniform lattice structure, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronics. Its consistent structure allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in better performance compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a category of thin film solar technology that provides a affordable and high-performance option for large-scale solar energy production. They are recognized for their high absorption efficiency and relatively affordable manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices that use a composite compound of copper, indium, gallium, and Se to turn sunlight into power effectively. They are known for their great light capturing performance, bendability, and capability for lightweight, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered atomic arrangement, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its affordability and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are innovative photovoltaic modules that use multiple p-n junctions layered together to collect a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, substantially increasing their efficiency. These are mainly applied in space satellites and high-performance solar power systems due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that transform solar radiation into electricity to supply onboard systems. Usually lightweight, long-lasting, and built for efficient operation in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic element, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize optics or reflectors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This approach is suitable for large-scale solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, delivering a affordable option for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for high efficiency and bendability. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with reliable operation in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in multiple technological uses. These films are crucial in electronics, optical systems, and films for their special physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a eco-friendly and affordable energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a layer of compound covering fractions of a nanometer to multiple micrometers in thickness, often applied to surfaces for functional purposes. These coatings are used in diverse fields, including electronic devices, light manipulation, and healthcare, to modify surface characteristics or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are accurate devices used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, commonly in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, round segment of silicon crystal used as the platform for constructing semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the creation of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are flexible solar units known for their high efficiency and adaptability, ideal for various uses. They use a multilayer semiconductor structure that converts sunlight immediately into power with remarkable performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert solar energy directly into electricity using solar panels, supplying a renewable energy source for home, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a clean, long-lasting, and economical way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that transforms sunlight into electrical energy using a photosensitive dye to capture light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that employ organic materials, to transform solar radiation into electricity. They are lightweight, pliable, and provide cost-effective, extensive solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor substance used in laminate solar panels due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its excellent photo-electronic properties make it an desirable alternative for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as rooftops, facades, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of cars or structures panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations information various large-scale solar energy plants around the world, demonstrating their capacities and locations. These facilities play a crucial role in green energy production and global efforts to reduce carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive facilities that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, reducing reliance on coal and oil, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, climate change, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and hydropower. It offers a sustainable alternative to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing environmental harm and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, are limited reserves formed over extensive periods and are depleted when used. They are the chief fuels for power production and mobility but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable resources into electricity. This process typically occurs in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electricity for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, poisonous elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how effectively a solar cell converts sunlight into usable electrical energy. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is key for maximizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided significant indication for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to speedily determine their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This development is changing the global energy landscape by increasing the share of sustainable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a business scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through device that bending light to focus or separate rays, creating images. It is commonly used in devices like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to minimize reflections and enhance light passage. It enhances the sharpness and brightness of screens by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that their amplitude levels negate each other, leading to a reduction or full disappearance of the combined wave. This occurrence typically happens when the waves are out of phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, allowing cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a small entity used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It enhances system performance by optimizing power output at the panel level and streamlines setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a setup where the voltage and current regularly reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in residences and factories to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a category of electrical coupling used to deliver DC energy from a power supply to an device. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and jack that ensure a secure and dependable connection for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide protection certification agency that assesses and certifies products to confirm they adhere to specific protection norms. It assists consumers and companies identify trustworthy and secure products through rigorous review and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the constant electric current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This setup allows units to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode is a electronic device that permits current to flow in a single sense exclusively, acting as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, created to provide electrical power for various devices and add-ons inside a vehicle. It permits users to charge electronic gadgets or operate small appliances while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking peripherals to PCs, allowing data transmission and power supply. It supports a wide range of hardware such as keypads, mice, external drives, and mobile phones, with different generations offering faster speeds and improved performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy output and making solar power economical and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on innovations in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, extending from wireless signals to gamma radiation, featuring diverse lengths and energies. This range is crucial to a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling data exchange, healthcare imaging, and comprehension of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the sun. It serves a crucial role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on shades of a single hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a key parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to measure the strength of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a particular surface, often in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the spread and transfer of power across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is commonly used to describe the distribution of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a substantial mass of atmosphere with fairly consistent temperature and moisture features, coming from from certain source areas. These air masses impact weather systems and sky situations as they travel over diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the energy per unit area received from the solar source in the type of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the collection of dirt, and other particles on the surface of solar panels, which diminishes their performance. Routine maintenance and servicing are essential to minimize energy loss and guarantee maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, measured across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that flows through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, skipping the normal load. It creates a significant safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the peak power generation of a solar array under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the array's peak potential to create electricity in typical testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electronic device used to determine the electrical potential between separate points in a electronic circuit. It is commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in solar modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to current leakage and ion migration within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid element crucial for plant development and employed in different industrial uses, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has unique chemical properties that cause it valuable in manufacturing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using extensive arrays of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It provides an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated method of using land for both solar power production and farming, making the most of space and resources. This method improves crop production while concurrently generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices able to absorb sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy production. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo effect and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides shelter while producing electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of numerous photovoltaic modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in green energy setups to generate renewable, renewable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a structure that delivers shade and cover from the elements for exterior areas. It boosts the usability and visual charm of a patio, making it a pleasant area for leisure and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of celestial entities in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a point of interest. It is commonly used in routing, mapping, and astrophysics to indicate the bearing of an object in relation to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits excellent optical properties, making it a common option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An directory of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in driving solar energy implementation and innovation across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a unit of energy output equal to one billion watt, used to assess large-scale energy generation and usage. It is commonly associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a global leader in solar power solutions, expert in manufacturing thin film-based solar panels that offer excellent efficiency and low-cost power output. The firm is committed to sustainable energy development and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly integrating various elements of factory and automated systems to enhance efficiency and dependability. It concentrates on developing cutting-edge solutions that promote smooth communication and cooperation among different technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese-based company specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar-powered photovoltaic products and solutions. Renowned for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion W, often used to indicate the capacity of large-scale power generation or usage. It underscores the vast power extent involved in modern energy infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost decreases as total output rises, due to learning and optimization gained over time. This effect highlights the importance of learned skills in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy convert sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that assists lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of generating solar or wind energy is equal to or lower than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that sustainable energy technologies are cost-effectively comparable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the primary electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a network of power lines, offering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the region, and is delivered through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the efficient and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is absorbed from the sun's rays using PV panels to convert electricity or through thermal solar systems to provide warmth. It is a green, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly energy source that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, business, and industrial sites to produce clean, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy items features a variety of devices that harness sunlight to produce energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and eco-conscious living. These products include everything from solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, offering flexible options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a installation that converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ lenses plus reflectors to focus sunlight on advanced solar cells, considerably boosting energy capture using less space. This technology is highly suitable in areas with bright, direct sunlight and offers a promising approach to lowering expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |