Solar panel | Solar panel are devices that convert sunlight into using PV cells. They are an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a system that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, usually used for water heating or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural legacy, famous sights, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a mixed landscape of undulating terrain, old castles, and lively city hubs that blend heritage with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental light emitted by the star, crucial for living organisms on Earth as it offers fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a type of power generated by the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels numerous systems and networks, supporting modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way stream of electric charge, typically produced by battteries, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a steady voltage or current, making it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy to operate various electronic gadgets. It includes one or more electrochemical cells, each comprising positive and negative electrodes separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that converts direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use and grid integration. It is essential for enhancing energy performance and providing reliable, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips direction periodically, typically used in home and commercial power supplies. It enables effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to measure the size, amount, or intensity of something accurately. It includes instruments like rulers, temperature sensors, and barometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This system enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are massive installations that utilize sunlight to generate electricity using many solar panels. They supply a renewable and renewable energy power, cutting down reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an orbiting platform equipped with photovoltaic panels that gather solar radiation and generate power. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to our planet for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess power generated from renewable sources or the grid for later use, enhancing energy independence and efficiency. These solutions generally use batteries to deliver backup energy, lower energy expenses, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of photovoltaic cells documents the development and advancements in photovoltaic tech from the early invention of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-efficiency solar arrays. It features key innovations, including the invention of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing developments that have significantly enhanced power conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His tests laid the groundwork for understanding how radiation interacts with certain substances to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an United States innovator who created the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work established the basis for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work paved the way for modern photovoltaic technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous innovative organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and 14, well known for its essential role in the production of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a solid, fragile crystal solid with a steel-gray metallic luster, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact component installed on each photovoltaic panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method enhances system performance, facilitates improved performance oversight, and improves energy production in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a component that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to provide a renewable and eco-friendly energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a basic particle representing a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It plays a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials convert sunlight directly into electricity through the generation of charge carriers. This effect is the basic principle behind solar cell technology, enabling the capturing of solar energy for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a thin slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, orderly crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use layers of semiconductor materials a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, furnishings, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification is the speed at which electric power is conveyed by an electrical circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through various sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a standard of energy transfer rate in the SI system, showing the speed of energy flow or transformation. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in V and represents the power per unit charge ready to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the base unit of voltage, electric potential difference, and EMF in the metric system. It measures the voltage per charge unit between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electricity through a conductor, usually measured in amperes. It is essential for powering electronic devices and facilitating the functioning of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp is the standard of electric current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It quantifies the movement of electrical charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and power of power systems to maintain reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to protect wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a easy and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for powering and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that transforms DC from inputs like batteries or solar arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It enables the operation of regular electrical equipment in locations where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack serves as a collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the angle of solar panels to monitor the solar trajectory throughout the daytime, enhancing power intake. This system increases the effectiveness of solar power gathering by maintaining optimal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to optimize the power generation of solar panel setups by regularly modifying the operating point to match the optimal power point of the solar panels. This methodology provides the most efficient energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually improving the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a device that tracks and examines the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in real-time, offering valuable data on energy production and system status. It aids maximize solar energy generation by spotting faults early and guaranteeing maximum output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to supply energy to homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous tiny silicon crystals, frequently used in photovoltaic panels and microchip production. Its production involves fusing and restructuring silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline form appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a uniform lattice arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its consistent structure allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in higher efficiency compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a kind of thin-film solar method that presents a cost-effective and efficient option for massive solar energy production. They are their high absorption efficiency and comparatively low manufacturing expenses versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible photovoltaic devices that employ a multi-layered compound of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into electricity effectively. They are noted for their great absorption performance, flexibility, and possibility for compact, affordable solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous atomic arrangement, making it more flexible and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic systems due to its affordability and flexible features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic modules that utilize multiple p-n connections layered together to collect a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, substantially boosting their efficiency. These are mostly applied in space applications and advanced solar power installations due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that generate solar radiation into electricity to supply onboard instrumentation. Usually lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor recognized for its great electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use lenses or reflectors to direct sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is suitable for massive solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, providing a economical option for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for high efficiency and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a fine layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in multiple technological uses. These layers are crucial in electronic devices, light manipulation, and films for their special physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of substance ranging from tiny nanometric scales to a few microns in depth, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in various industries, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are precision devices used to exactly measure tiny gaps or widths, typically in manufacturing and production. They feature a calibrated screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, ring-shaped piece of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the production of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are thin-film solar units famous for their superior output and flexibility, ideal for multiple fields. They employ a multilayer semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight straight into power with remarkable performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy directly into energy using solar panels, providing a sustainable energy source for residential, business, and utility-scale applications. They offer a clean, renewable, and economical way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that turns sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and adaptable alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that use carbon-based molecules, to turn sunlight into electricity. They are compact, pliable, and offer the potential for lower-cost, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous semiconductor material used in laminate solar cells due to its plentiful and safe elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an desirable alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, facades, and windows. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency permits light to scatter through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves placing a thin film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It improves privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of photovoltaic power stations overview various large-scale solar energy installations around the planet, highlighting their capacities and sites. These facilities play a crucial role in renewable energy production and global efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale systems that transform sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in renewable energy generation, lessening dependence on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, global warming, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from natural sources that are renewably replenished, such as the sun, wind, and water. It offers a eco-friendly solution to traditional fuels, minimizing environmental harm and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as coal, oil, and methane, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the primary fuels for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process typically occurs in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electricity for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, poisonous elements such as lead, Hg, cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how well a solar panel generates sunlight into usable electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential for maximizing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This occurrence provided significant indication for the development of quantum physics by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of photovoltaics has accelerated rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This expansion is revolutionizing the world energy sector by raising the percentage of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a business scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a transparent instrument that bending light to focus or spread out rays, creating images. It is commonly used in equipment like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to reduce glare and increase light flow. It improves the sharpness and brightness of screens by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes counteract each other, causing a diminution or complete elimination of the combined wave. This occurrence usually happens when the waves are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, mainly utilized in power supply systems. Its voltage varies sinusoidally over time, permitting efficient transmission across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a compact entity used to transform direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It enhances system efficiency by enhancing energy production at the module level and streamlines installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric flow periodically reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in homes and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical plug used to supply DC power from a power supply to an device. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and jack that ensure a reliable and consistent connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide security approval organization that evaluates and certifies products to guarantee they adhere to certain safety requirements. It supports consumers and companies identify dependable and safe products through thorough assessment and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this configuration, the same electric current passes through all parts, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows components to operate separately, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode is a electronic device that permits current to move in one way exclusively, serving as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12 volt, designed to provide electrical power for various devices and add-ons inside a automobile. It allows users to power electronic electronics or operate small appliances when on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral devices to computing systems, enabling data transfer and power delivery. It accommodates a variety of peripherals such as keypads, mice, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with different revisions delivering increased speeds and enhanced functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy production and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on innovations in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio signals to gamma rays, each with varied wavelengths and power. This range is crucial to many technologies and natural events, allowing signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It plays a important role in such as vitamin D production but can also result in skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This design approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts/m². It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight reaching a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to calculate the intensity of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the dispersion and movement of power across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of different colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is often used to describe the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a large mass of air with comparatively uniform thermal and humidity features, originating from particular origin regions. These air masses influence weather patterns and atmospheric situations as they move across diverse regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the quantification of the energy per square kilometer received from the Sun in the form of solar rays. It varies with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of dust, and impurities on the exterior of solar panels, which reduces their performance. Regular cleaning and servicing are essential to limit energy loss and maintain maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the highest electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the maximum power generation of a solar panel under ideal sunlight conditions. It shows the array's peak capacity to create electricity in conventional testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to measure the voltage between two locations in a circuit. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi-metal chemical element crucial for plant development and applied in various industrial uses, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical properties that make it beneficial in producing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated approach of employing land for both solar energy output and cultivation, maximizing space and resources. This strategy enhances crop production while at the same time generating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo effect and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides shade while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of multiple solar panels configured to create electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to deliver clean, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that delivers shade and cover from the conditions for exterior areas. It improves the functionality and look of a courtyard, making it a comfortable space for relaxation and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a target object. It is commonly used in navigation, land measurement, and astrophysics to define the orientation of an object with respect to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits outstanding optical characteristics, making it a common option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies showcases the top manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in advancing solar energy implementation and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to measure massive electricity production and consumption. It is typically associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a worldwide leader in solar power solutions, expert in making thin film-based solar modules that deliver high efficiency and affordable power generation. The firm is dedicated to sustainable energy development and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly integrating various components of industrial and automation systems to enhance productivity and reliability. It concentrates on building innovative solutions that facilitate seamless communication and interoperability among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese corporation expert in manufacturing and innovating photovoltaic solar products and solutions. Famous for state-of-the-art tech and green energy projects within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion watts, often utilized to describe the capacity of large-scale power production or consumption. It emphasizes the immense energy magnitude involved in modern energy infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost reduces as total output grows, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies gained over time. This effect highlights the importance of learned skills in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy convert sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, sustainable energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of producing solar or wind energy is the same as or less than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that green energy sources are cost-effectively competitive with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the primary electrical power supplied to homes and businesses through a grid of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is harnessed from the sun's rays using photovoltaic panels to produce electricity or through solar heating systems to provide warmth. It is a green, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly power supply that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, commercial, and manufacturing environments to create green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar-powered products features a range of gadgets that utilize sunlight to produce energy, promoting environmentally friendly and renewable living. These items include ranging from solar power banks and lights to household devices and outdoor equipment, providing multi-purpose alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a installation that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses or mirrors focusing sunlight on high-performance solar cells, significantly increasing energy capture using less space. This technology is particularly effective in areas with bright, direct sunlight and provides an innovative way to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |